Taylor, who is currently chief commercial officer, will take over from Ahmed Essam in his new role on 2 April, 2024.
Essam will become executive chairman Vodafone Germany and CEO European Markets.
As chief commercial officer, Taylor has been responsible for the commercial performance of the consumer division, including sales and marketing, digital, brand, customer experience and commercial operations.
He has 25 years' experience in telecoms, having joined Vodafone in 2019 from EE, where he had spent nine years, culminating as managing director of commercial and marketing for three years.
A Vodafone statement said: "Max brings a wealth of experience to his new role. Under his leadership as chief commercial officer, Vodafone UK has continued to grow its customer base, revenue, and margins, surpassing our competitors across various commercial metrics, with a strong focus on customer experience."